COMPUTER-Information Technology & Cyber Laws 1

 Information Technology & Cyber Laws 1

COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device that receives data, process it and gives meaningful informations.

The word ‘computer’ is originated from the Latin words ‘Computus’ and ‘computare’ Collection of facts and figures are called 

Ans : Data

Processed data is called 

Ans : Information. 

Information conveys a meaningful message

A set of actions performed by the computer to convert data into information is called 

Ans : Data processing

The word ‘data’ is originated from the Latin word ‘datum’

The way that computers manipulate data into information is called 

Ans : Processing

A program in execution is called

Ans : Process

The type of test used in com-puting to check whether or not the password user is a human

(a)Debugging

(b)Cryptanalysis

(c )CAPTCHA 

(d) Black Box

Testing Arts : (c ) CAPTCHA

(Sales Asst Gr. II, 2016) CAPTCHA - Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans

Characteristics of computer

Accuracy                      Speed       

Versatility                    Automation

Storage capacity        Reliability

Diligence                       

Computer Generation

Generation      Examples   Year      Switching Device

First - UNIVAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, ENIAC - 1949-55 - Vacuum Tubes (The Vaccum Tube was invented by - John A. Fleming] 

Second - IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 650,  IBM 1401, ATLAS, MARK 111, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, CDC 164 - 1956 - 65 - Transistors

Third - PDP-8, ICL 2900, IBM 360, IBM 370/168, TDC-316, Honeywell - 6000 series - 1966 - 75 - Integrated circuits

Fourth - DEC 10, STAR 1000, CRAY-1, CRAY-X-MP - 1975 - 86 - VLSI Micro processor

Fifth - 1986 - ULSI Micro processor

FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF COMPUTERS

Input Unit

Central Processing Unit

Output Unit

INPUT UNIT AND OUTPUT UNIT’

Device which receives data for processing are called input device.

An input device converts input information into suitable binary code form acceptable to a computer.

Input Output devices

Major Input Devices - Keyboard, Mouse, Light pen, Joystick, Scanner, Track ball, Microphone, Digital Camera, Touch screen, Barcode Reader, Optical Mark Reader (OMR), Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Major Output Devices - Monitor, Printer, Projector, Sound card, Speaker, Video card, Plotter, Head phone

KEYBOARD

Keys on keyboard

Alpha numeric keys - letters and numbers 

Punctuation keys - comma, period, semicolon etc.

Special keys - Function keys, arrow keys, caps lock key. etc.

The number of function keys on keyboard 

Ans : 12

The largest key on the keyboard 

Ans : Space bar

The key placed at the top left comer of the keyboard

Ans : Escape key (Esc key)

The Primary input device

Ans : Keyboard

The Primary output device

Ans : Monitor

ASCII

Standard which is used to convert a keystroke to its corresponding bit 

Ans : ASCII

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Normally ASCII has 7 - bit code characters.

An 8 bit character encoding commonly used in IBM mainframe operation systems 

Ans : EBCDIC 

EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

Ans : 256 (0-255)

MOUSE

Pointing device used in computer

Ans : Mouse

Mouse was invented by

Ans : Douglas Engelbert

Unit which is used to represent the speed of a mouse

Ans : Mickey

Most commonly, working of wireless mouse is based on 

Ans : Infrared Rays

The company that developed mouse

Ans : Xerox PARC

The first mouse was marketed by 

Ans : Apple

The blinking symbol which indicates the next position of the character is called 

Ans : Cursor

The device used for moving the cursor on the screen of a computer 

Ans : Mouse

A small figure which depicts some applications on the screen is called

Ans : Icon

OMR

The system used for the evaluation of competitive examinations 

Ans : OMR (Optical Mark Reader)

An optical input device that interprets pencil marks on paper media is Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

BARCODE

A barcode is simply a numeric code represented as a series of lines.

These lines can be read by a barcode reader/ scanner.

Barcode Reader is an input device for reading printed bar codes. It converts optical impulses to electrical impulses.

When the laser beam falls on it barcode reader measures the amount of light it reflected back.

The dark bars on a barcode reflect less light than the white spaces between them.

MONITOR

User gets the result of processed data through output devices.

Pixel and Resolution

Resolution of monitor is associated with the number of pixels on monitor 

The smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen is known as 

Ans : Pixel

Pixel is the short form for 

Ans : Picture element

Capability of a sensor to observe the smallest object clearly is called as 

Ans : Resolution

Resolution depends upon the size of the pixel

Images with smaller pixel will have a higher resolution

Pictures with higher resolution occupy more memory space on the disc

PRIMARY MEMORY

Memory which is also known as the main memory

Ans : Primary memory  

Primary memory is classified into RAM and ROM

Which of the following memory needs periodic refresh ?

(a)SRAM

(b) DRAM

(c ) ROM 

(d)All of the above

Ans :  (b)

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